Portal Física

First, the required modules are imported. The array-manipulation module numpy and the matplotlib submodule pyplot, to plot 2d graphics. The corresponding aliases np and plt for these two modules are widely used conventions

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

The data to plot are 5 means for two different groups and the corresponding standard deviations, the first will determine the height of the bars and the latter the height of the error lines. For the colours it is possible to use html hexadecimal notation or html colour names.

menMeans = (20, 35, 30, 35, 27)
menStd = (2, 3, 4, 1, 2)
womenMeans = (25, 32, 34, 20, 25)
womenStd = (3, 5, 2, 3, 3)


N = len(menMeans)               # number of data entries
ind = np.arange(N)              # the x locations for the groups
width = 0.35                    # bar width

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

rects1 = ax.bar(ind, menMeans,                  # data
                width,                          # bar width
                color='MediumSlateBlue',        # bar colour
                yerr=womenStd,                  # data for error bars
                error_kw={'ecolor':'Tomato',    # error-bars colour
                          'linewidth':2})       # error-bar width

rects2 = ax.bar(ind + width, womenMeans, 
                width, 
                color='Tomato', 
                yerr=womenStd, 
                error_kw={'ecolor':'MediumSlateBlue',
                          'linewidth':2})

axes = plt.gca()
axes.set_ylim([0, 41])             # y-axis bounds

The next block of code adds some text for labels, title and axes ticks

ax.set_ylabel('Scores')
ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender')
ax.set_xticks(ind + width)
ax.set_xticklabels(('G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5'))

ax.legend((rects1[0], rects2[0]), ('Men', 'Women'))

This function prints the data on top of each bar with text(), it takes as arguments the x, y coordinates, the text itself and two alignment parameters.

def autolabel(rects):
    for rect in rects:
        height = rect.get_height()
        ax.text(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width()/2., 1.05*height,
                '%d' % int(height),
                ha='center',            # vertical alignment
                va='bottom'             # horizontal alignment
                )

autolabel(rects1)
autolabel(rects2)

plt.show()                              # render the plot